Apparatus for obtaining the products of resinous woods by dry distillation.



No. 805,848. PATENTED NOV. 28, 1905. J. FRIIS. APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING THE PRODUOTSOP RBSINOUS WOODS BY DRY DISTILLATION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

1 5 AVE [3 w /W Wi$ R AT TY PATENTBD NOV. 28, 1905.

J. FRIIS.

APPARATUS FOR- OBTAINING THE PRODUCTS OP RESINOUS WOODS BY DRY DISTILLATION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WW E5555 TTY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JUHANI FRIIS, OFGAMLA, RUSSIA.

APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING THE PRODUCTS OF RESINOUS WOODS BY DRY DISTILLATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 28, 1905.

Application filed June 21, 1904. Serial No. 213,474.

To alt whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUHANI FRIIs, a subject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of Gamla, Karleby, Finland, Russia, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Obtaining the Products of Resinous lVoods by Dry Distillation, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a novel form of apparatus, including a furnace for obtaining tar, tar-oil, wood-acid, turpentine, and charcoal from resinous Woods by dry distillation, with the object of improving the apparatus heretofore made, increasing the quantity and quality of the product, and reducing the time employed in the completion of the operation.

In carrying out my invention I employ an apparatus comprising an oven of metal plates to receive the wood to be treated, a foundation therefor, and inclosing Walls of brick with furnaces at the respective ends and intermediate chimneys. The inclosing walls are at an appreciable distance from the oven, and in the intervening space there are staggered partitions forming tortuous passageways which compel the heated products of combustion from the furnaces to follow zigzag circuitous paths, so as to thoroughly heat the exterior of the oven before passing to the chimneys, and the ovens are provided with transverse pipes through which the heated products of combustion pass in transit to insure the thorough heating of the interior of the oven as well as the exterior.

I employ a condensing vessel into which the melted resinous substances are delivered from the oven and from which the tar and tar-oil pass to separate receptacles or vessels while the gases pass to a condenser. The top of the oven is provided with a covered opening through which the resinouswood is inserted into the furnace or oven and at the bottom with an opening and closing door by which the same is emptied of charcoal.

I employ a series of connected condensers immersed in water vessels, also connected. A pipe from the top of the oven connects with a drum and a pipe therefrom with the first condenser of the series, and a pipe from the last condenser of the series passes to a wormcondenser through a tank of water and empties into a receiving vessel. There are pipes from each condenser of the series to a receiving vessel. The gaseous products of the distillation pass progressively through the se ries of condensers, where they are gradually condensed, the final condensation taking place in the Worm-condenser at the end of the series.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan and par tial horizontal section illustrating my improvement and in which a two-part or double apparatus is shown. Fig.2 is an elevation and partial section on one complete apparatus. Fig. 3 is an elevation and partial vertical section of the double furnace and oven portion of the apparatus, and Fig. 4 is a detached vertical section of the receiving and condensing vessel for the hot resinous products from the furnace.

A description of one complete apparatus or one-half of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 Will be sufficient for a complete understanding of the entire apparatus, as the one part is a duplicate of the other. The oven a is of oblong form and is shown as rounded at both ends; but I do not limit myself in this respect. It is preferably made of metal plates, such as boiler-iron, in any desired manner well known in the art. It is supported upon a foundation b, preferably of brick and stone, the bottom of the oven being of concave or dishing form. The oven is surrounded by inclosing walls I) and by an inclosing top 6 preferably of brick, between which walls I) and the oven there is an appreciable space. At opposite ends furnaces c are provided, and midway in the length of the complete apparatus there are chimneys a, connecting with the intervening space between the oven and the inclosing Walls 6. In this intervening space there are series of staggered partitions 2, 3, and 4, and the oven is provided with transverse pipes dd and there are alined covers d for these pipes in the walls 1), pro viding for cleaning out the pipes. Referring to these series of staggered partitions, and especially to Fig. 3, it will be noticed that the partitions 2 and 3 arehorizontal, that the partitions 2 run from the left-hand corner of the oven completely through to the right hand, that the partitions 3 are midway of the partitions 2 and are in section at the left hand of the oven and only extend an appreciable distance to the right, also that the partitions 4 are of angular form and are ad j acent to the openings of the pipes d dthat is to say, the partitions 4 have vertical portions coming down from the partitions 2 alongside of the pipes 01 d and horizontalportions below the pipes d d, forming prolongations of the vertical portions for an appreciable distance to the right. These partitions form tortuous passage-ways for the heated products of combustion from the furnace, and the arrows, Fig. 3, indicate the direction of travel of the products of combustion from the furnace, in which it will be noticed that part of the products of combustion pass through the openings between the ends of the partitions 3 and 4 and around the ends of the partitions 2, while other products of combustion pass through the openings at the right of the partitions 4 and through the pipes d d to the opposite side of the oven. In this way not only the exterior of the oven, but the interior thereof, is thoroughly heated The top of the oven is provided with one or more covered openings b through which the wood is passed within the oven, and at the sides with one or more doors 0 for the removal of the charcoal from the oven. The bottom of the oven is concaved and made with a trough 0/, into which in the process of the dry distillation of resinous woods the tar and tar-oil or hot resinous products collect, and from this trough they pass by a pipe (1 to a condensing vessel 6, in which they separate, the tar flowing to a tar-receptacle e and the tar-oil to a receptacle 6 The gases from this condensing vessel pass by a pipe 5 to a condenserf, and the condenserf is one of a series of condensers f f f f f, all of which are alike and connected by pipes 8 to one another.

A cylindrical drum g, located above the oven and top W, is connected to the oven by a suitable pipe and is also connected by a pipe 6 to the first condenser f of the series, the gaseous products of the dry distillation of the resinous woods passing from the top of the oven through the drum gand pipe 6 to the first condenser f of the series. The series of condensers are received within and supported by vessels h h 7L2 7L3 h. These vessels in turn are supported in any desired manner upon suitable foundations prepared therefor. These vessels are connected by pipes 7. They are also connected to a vessel Z, while the last of the condensers f is provided with a pipe 76, extending therefrom, which in the vessel Z is in the form of a worm-condenser.

Each of the condenser vessels ff f f f is provided with discharge-pipes 9, extending over vessels 2', and a vessel 10 is provided over which the free end of the worm-condenser pipe 7c extends. The vessels h, h, 71?, 72, h and Z are all filled with water through the medium of the pipes 7, and, if desired, a constant circulation of water in these vessels may be maintained, the same acting to cool the condensers contained therein.

The gaseous products of the dry distillation of the resinous woods pass first from the cylindrical drum g and pipe h to the condenser f, part thereof is condensed therein and part passes to the condenser f, and other parts progressively on by the pipes 8 to the other condensers f f and f" of the series, there being a gradual condensing of the gaseous products of dry distillation in the several con.- densers. The gaseous products that remain pass from the condenser f into the pipe 7c and through the worm-condenser in the vessel Z, where they are finally and completely condensed and the product discharged into the vessel 10. The progressively-condensed product in the series of condensers passes therefrom to the vessels 1', provided to receive the same, and from these vessels 2', as well as from the vessels 6 e the products are collected for after treatment or use.

I have shown, and prefer to employ upon the outer surface of the inclosing walls b above the furnace, an indicator m in the form of a dial and hand, and a bent arm is connected to the shell of the oven at the upper portion and passes through the inclosing top I) and forward over the indicator, with a cord from this arm to the arbor of the hand for the purpose of indicating by the movement of the bent arm m, produced by the expansion and contraction of the shell of the oven, the degree of heat of the oven at the indicator.

I claim as my invention a 1.. In an apparatus for obtaining the products of resinous woods by dry distillation, the combination with a condensing apparatus, of an elongated double oven, furnaces at the opposite and extreme ends of the same, transverse pipes passing through the oven from side to side, inclosing walls which are at an appreciable distance from the shell of the ovens, horizontally-disposed partitions providing in the intervening space for tortuous passage-ways for the products of combustion, and partitions of angular form at one end joining the aforesaid partitions, and together partly compassing the entrances to the said transverse pipes which compel the products of combustion from the furnaces to follow zigzag circuitous paths for the complete heating of the ovens and through which transverse pipes the products of combustion are also obliged to pass for internally heating the oven, and chimneys for finally conveying away the heated products of combustion.

2. In an apparatus for obtaining the products of resinous woods by dry distillation,the combination with a condensing apparatus, of an elongated double oven, furnaces at the opposite and extreme ends of the same, inclosing walls which are at an appreciable distance from the shell of the oven, a series of staggered partitions 2, 3 and 4 in the space intervening between the oven and the inclosing walls, the partitions 3 being short and horizontal, the partitions 2 being long and horizontal and the partitions 4 of angular form joining at one end with the partitions 2 and providing tortuous passage-ways for the products of combustion which compel said products of combustion from the furnaces to follow zigzag circuitous paths for the complete heatin r of the ovens, transverse pip es passing throug h the oven from side to side and from which the products of combustion are obliged to pass for internally heating the oven, and chimneys for finally conveying away the heated products of combustion.

3. In an apparatus for obtaining the products of resinous woods by dry distillation,the combination With a condensing apparatus, of an elongated double oven with rounded ends, a furnace at either rounded end, inclosing walls which are at an appreciable distance from the shell of the oven, a series of staggered partitions providing in the intervening space for tortuous passage-ways for the prod from one side to the other to internally heat the ovens, and chimneys for finally conveying away the heated products of combustion. Signed by me this 4th day of May, 1904. JU HAN I FRIIS. Witnesses:

Vso. LAURIN, OTTO AHRENs. 

